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The meaning of the term switched connotations from positive to negative after the economic bubble of the Japanese economy broke resulting in a recession in the 1990s.
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This term was coined by part-time job magazine From A editor Michishita Hiroshi in 1987 and was used to depict a "free" worker that worked less hours, earned pay hourly instead of a monthly paycheck like regular full time workers, and received none of the benefits of a regular full time worker (holiday pay, sick pay, bonus pay, paid leave). As German (along with English) was used in Japanese universities before World War II, especially for science and medicine, arubaito became common among students to describe part-time work for university students. Arubaito is a Japanese loanword from Arbeiter, and perhaps from Arbeit ("work").
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The word freeter or freeta is thought to be a portmanteau of the English word free (or perhaps freelance) and the German word Arbeiter ("labourer"). These people do not start a career after high school or university, but instead earn money from low-paid jobs. įreeters may also be described as underemployed. You can’t really sleep,” said one Kamata cafe guest who preferred not to be named.Freeter ( フリーター, furītā) is a Japanese expression for people who lack full-time employment or are unemployed, excluding housewives and students. They congregate in run-down Tokyo suburbs such as Kamata, renting poorly ventilated, smoke-filled cubicles with reclining seats for 100 yen an hour. Those who are older, poorer, with fewer chances of escaping their drifting lifestyle, and sometimes too embarrassed to return home, find themselves at the very bottom of cyber society. Japan’s Welfare Ministry plans a wider study on the phenomenon, according to a newspaper report, but in the meantime, it is hard to gauge the scope of the problem or its social impact.Īnecdotal evidence suggests that many are freeters in their mid-to-late-twenties, who stay in a net cafe for a couple of months before settling for a more permanent housing solution. There is no official data on the cyber cafe homeless. “They are different from the real homeless because they belong to the working poor, so they do have some money, whereas the ones on the street have no money at all,” he added. It’s a bit sad for us Japanese,” he told Reuters, scratching his head.
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“It shows how the social system is changing. He has even lent money to some of them out of pity. Takahashi, an affable host sporting a mullet and a blue track suit, regularly sees freeters taking refuge at his cafe. The salarymen were the first to discover net cafes as a cheap alternative to hotels after companies hurt by the economic crisis stopped funding team drinks - an essential part of Japanese corporate culture - followed by a night in a hotel.Īnd then there are customers for whom Takahashi’s Internet point is home.
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I don’t have money, but I have a dream,” he says, sitting in a cubicle with a PC and a stack of comic books.Īs an Internet cafe owner in Tokyo’s Ueno district, Masami Takahashi has had a close-up view of social change in Japan.Īround the corner from his cafe, homeless people who cannot even afford a reclining seat sleep in cardboard boxes.Ĭhinese prostitutes in Japanese kimonos prop up drunken office workers, or “salarymen”, who will stumble into Masami’s cafe for a nap later in the night. The new Japanese generation doesn’t have any money, and many young people don’t have any motivation. “I hope the situation in Japan will improve. It’s cheaper than a hotel, offers access to the Internet and hundreds of Manga comic books, and even has a microwave and a shower where he can wash in the morning before heading off to one of his temporary jobs ranging from cleaning to basic office work.Īsked how long he plans to go on living like that, Yamashita smiles and shrugs.
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Yet the 26-year-old has been sleeping in a reclining seat in an Internet cafe every night for the past month since he lost his steady office job and his apartment. REUTERS/Kim Kyung-Hoonįrom his carefully distressed jeans to his casual-cool navy striped T-shirt, he is every bit the trendy Tokyoite. Some low-wage earning young people who cannot afford apartments in Tokyo are choosing to live in internet cafes, which are cheaper than a hotel and even offer showers, microwaves and large libraries of manga to read. Men make use of the internet service in the private rooms of an internet cafe in Tokyo May 2, 2007.